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Mene ne Tasowa Zuwa Kimiyya Yake Cikin Gidaun Hanyar Tattara na Ajiya
Ma'aurata Kimiyyar Yake A Sararin Gidan Faburika
Kada kimiya su dace cikin kayan aikawa, suna fara rage abubuwan da ke tsakawa a karkashin lokaci. Abubuwa da ake barci ba tare da aminti da kimiya ba su kama da karfafa ganyaya daga cikin kaiyakaka daya, wanda zai iya ruwa da karaƙar karfi su ne sai 30% kawai bayan biyar shekara na aiki. Ganyiyoyin fulani da suka hada da alashi masira suna karfa daidai saboda matsalolin koroshan haske, yayin da kayan batun launi yana karɓarwa lokacin da ya hada da halayen alkali. Matsala suna zurbin lokacin da alamar aminta ta kara, saboda wannan ya bar abubuwan da aka girma murna don samun duk matakan dabe mai zurfin da zai fuskote cikin gida. Aikunan da suka yi hisabta game da aminta akan kimiya a bango suna tafiƙe kan wasu matattuwa masu mahimmanci a gaba, suka koyo gida su tare da shekaru da suka gabata da harshen halartar aikawa.
Abubuwan Kimiyya Masu Karfi a Cikin Yanayin Aikawa
Mabanen halartar aikawa suna da wajen uku na kimiya masu karfi:
- Asidu da solvents (sulfuric, hydrochloric) ana amfani da su a halartar fulani
- Halayen alkali (sodium hydroxide, ammonia) daga tsarin washa
- Auyan salt a cikin girgiza da waje kuma kayan chloride
Wasu alhakuraren suna daga cikin zafi masu saukewa a wadansu yanayi. Masu amfani da hydrogen peroxide a makarantun kayan taddaci har maƙalar rawar ruwa masu amfani da kayan washa na industriyan. Yawancin yanzu na waɗannan abubuwan ya kasance tsakanin 5 zuwa 30% a lokacin da aka yi amfani da su normanni. Amma yayin da kwari ko furu ya faru, yana kirkirar wurare da ke nuna yanzu ya tambayar sosai. Halayyin hanyar yaki mai yawa (matafiya) mai karanci 60% da umbar hannu mai karanci 38 daraja selsias yana bauta matsala ta kama baƙin kayan aikin. Bincike tane nuna cewa wannan mahamar yana iya zinare matsala ta kama talakawa uku karfi karfi duk da sharru.
Zaune na Karamar Ba Tace Ba da Kimiyya: Kaso da Alhakura A Cikin Safe
| Nau’in abubuwan da ke da kansa | Aikacewa na Aiki | Alhakurar Safe Ta Insan |
|---|---|---|
| Kusurwar Tsiga | Anjancejan ba a yarda ba (tsakanin 14 rana/sa’a) | Dandalin kuzuru da kayan da ke runzuwa |
| Kuskuren Kontiman | Gafin abubuwan kayan (740k dolars kowace lokaci) | Alamun dadi mai kimia |
| Gudummawar ayyukan gyara | tayar da alama na 34% na ikwaba iko | Zane-zane da alamu kan yanayin da keke |
Kada materials su daina harsh chemicals, masu girma yawa suna fuskantar daidaito. Faburikar manyan suna tafiya zuwa amshe koda suna bukata gyara damage na tsirmai, wanda ya zama takaitaccen twentyn three thousand dollars kowace sati ne a cikin rarrabuwar industry. Sai kuma wadannan EPA fines koda containment systems su karci, wanda za su nuna mafi kyau kamar one hundred and twenty thousand dollars kowace lokaci it ce. Fuluɗai da kayan amincewarku a cikin wasu plants suna barbarcin, hadapin koro da karamar wanda ke yi kwartar tausayin workplace accidents. Don haka ne masu alƙawarin company manyan suna canzawa zuwa ga industrial metal buildings wanda aka shirya specificaly don chemical exposure. Wadannan structures suna ƙara specialized coatings da alloys wanda ke dainawa aggressive substances ba tare da karci, saka abubuwan aiki suna ci gaba masu farfado daidai ne a cikin conditions mai zurfi.
Yadda Industrial Metal Buildings Su Karci Chemical Corrosion
Role na High-Performance Coatings da Surface Treatments
Ana bukatar ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi a masana'antu don ya kāre su daga sinadarai da suke haɗuwa da su a kullum. Abubuwa kamar murfin foda, galvanizing, da kuma epoxy sun samar da kariya mai ƙarfi wanda ke hana abubuwa masu lalatawa daga samun ƙarfe na gaske a ƙarƙashin. Idan ya zo ga yaƙi da tsatsa a cikin yanayin acidic, zinc mai arziki mai aiki yana aiki sosai. Wasu gwaje-gwaje suna nuna kusan kashi 94 cikin dari na nasarar bisa ga binciken PCE Solutions daga bara. Ga wuraren da ake aiki da sinadarai masu tsanani, anodized aluminum yana sa dukan bambanci. Rayuwarsa tana da tsawon lokaci tsakanin kashi 30 zuwa 50 fiye da yadda ake amfani da shi a kan farfajiyar da ba a kula da ita ba. Kafin a saka waɗannan yadudduka masu kariya, ana gwada su sosai. Yawancin kayayyaki na iya tsayawa sama da awanni 72 a cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen gishiri na musamman wanda yake da mahimmanci idan ginin zai kasance kusa da bakin teku ko cikin masana'antun sarrafa sinadarai.
Ƙungiyoyin da ke da Ƙarfin Ƙazantawa da Kuma Amfani da Su a Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfe
Fambarin na stainless steel 304 da 316 sun domine girma girman kayan aikin duniya saboda komposisiyonin chromium-nickel, wanda take haɓakar layi mai kawo saboda tushen zuwa sa hannu. Ga sharuɗɗan yawa, masu amfani ke amfani da:
| Nau'in Alloy | Abun tsinƙaya | Abubuwan da ke tsinkayar Corrosion |
|---|---|---|
| Stainless na ƙima biyu | Chromium-Molybdenum | 5× yawa karfi ga carbon steel |
| Nickel-Copper | Monel 400 | izini ga 98% sulfuric acid |
| Aluminum-Magnesium | 5xxx Series | Mamaki don yakin ruwa |
Wadannan alloys ake amfani da su ne a tsakanin ganyi, panel na doka, da alakar ruwa inda ake fuskancin chemical.
Zamuƙan inginariyar sarauta don kwaman kari
Alkawali na nanoceramic a yau suna ƙirƙirar allura zuwa kai tsakanin yanayin atom na sama, wanda ya sa su zama kyau karshen da farfado. Wasu gwadawa na iya nuna tasowa da yawa 400% mai zurfi ne kamar yadda aka rubuta a Journal na Surface Engineering daga shekara da suka gabata. Sai dai kuma akwai wasu abubuwan da ke iyaka iyaka (self-healing) wanda ke kunna alashu mai nau'i. Lokacin da wani abu ya kaci sama, waɗannan alashu suna furu kuma su cire shigozuwa da yawa mafi qaranci da mita 0.5. Wannan taimakawa wajen kiyaye abubuwan da suka gabata kafin an samu shiga ko kimiya. Dole don bayanan masifa, cinikin PEO tana kusantar biyanin gyara-gyaran kuma. Alajar da ke amfani da wannan hanyar ta kasa 62% biyanin gyara-gyaro a gashe gomaa dibu shekaru labarin sha-faro dibu shekaru fiye da teknik matukaita. Wannan nau'in kusantar biya yana da mahimmanci ga alajar wanda kashe-kashe ta kasa kuɗi kuma fasaha dole ne ta ci gaba ba tare da kuskure ba.
Ta hanyar hadawa wannan tsarin kari, magani mai yawa sun sami karin daidaitowa zuwa zuwa zuwa 40 shekara, ko da yayin da ke yanayin petrokemikal ko farashi.
Karfin Karuwa Mai Daidaitowa a Yanayin Samun Magani
Magani mai yawa suna ba da karin daidaitowa a yanayin da ke wuya kimikal, girman zafi, da karin maye, wanda ke wuya abubuwan da aka iya amfani da su. Fasahorar zaman lafiya ke amfani da alama mai zurfi da cin zarafi masu sauri don kare ayyuka su ga shekaru, ko da yayin da ke wasanan petrokemikal inda kayan daidaitowa masu karfi da zararen asam na iya hasha karin karuwa.
Matsayin Tsirin Aiki a Karkashin Kimikal da Yanayin Masu Karfi
Takayyaddun kayan ayagi masu aikin abubuwa ke da alkaruwa mai tsada da kuma yadda aka hada saufi wanda ke yanke waɗanda suka shiga zuwa kloraidu, sulfadu, da wasu nau'ikan solvant na iyali wanda zai naka tattaga cikin kayan aikin. Bincike mai tasowa daga 2023 ya yi bincike akan wannan abu kuma ya sami abin da ya fara kan takayyaddun da ke kayan atsama na zinc-aluminum-magnesium. Bayan shekara goma, waɗannan takayyadddun sun yi lafiya ga corrosion pitshi gaba daya uku ju karancin takayyadddun galvanized steel. A halayyukan na zamani, masu amfani ke amfani da yankin yanki na tafiye tafiye. Rabin bayanin epoxy primer, sannan an kara coatings polyurethane wanda yake ƙirƙira juzuwa bisa ruwa da wasan abubuwan. Kuma idan ba ka gudu mako’i da aka buga ba, sun kashe ruwa a matakan da ke wurin da abubuwan na fara, wanda ke da mahimmanci sosai a takayyadddun da ke aiki tare da kayan kimika mai tsoro arziki da arziki.
Yadda Zai Iƙewa Ayyukan Guduma Da Kuma Ci gaba da Ayyuka
Garken halitta na zaman zamani suna tafiya zuwa kusurwar yawa sosai karaga garken konkriti, sannan an kara rage biyan kuduren da abokin siye a shekarar 2024 daga FM Global. Babu bukatar sauya rangin alatakaka masu riga, amma tsari mai zurfi na nisa ya kiyaye ruwan sama a cikin zaune wanda ke mahimmanci ga kula da kusurwar yawa. Ga masoyi fasaha da ke aiki rana da dare baya kwana, wannan nau'in tsaro yana iya canza duk abu. Lokacin da kayayyakin fasaha su fara magana, wasu mai amfani suna kare da abokin siye da kudi uku (15,000) kowace minti kawai saboda jira don gyara. Wannan ne dalilin waɗannan garken halitta suna canzawa zuwa waɗannan garken halitta a yanzu.
Ayyukan A Duniya Mai Amfani Da Kimiƙai
Garken Halitta a Cikin Masoyi Fasaha Mai Kimiƙai, Mai Tabbataci Da Kayayyaki
Abubuwan ƙasa mai iri niyo suna da mahimmanci a karkashin al'amuran da ke iya ƙarewa, musamman wuraren kamar masakwani, masakin wasanni, da al'aduwar masakwani. Abubuwan ƙasa na yauke ke iya tafiya da kari na solvents mai tsoro, acids mai tsoro, da abubuwan da ke kaifi su cikin wannan wuraren a kowace rana. Wannan ita ce dalilin wuce maƙalar mai girma mai amfani da abubuwan ƙasa sun yi kyau a cikin wadannan al'aduwar mai tsoro. Masakwani suna bukatar su don karyawa hydrocarbons mai tsoro a lokacin ayyukan shigarwa. Al'aduwar wasanni suna bukatar sararai mai girma wanda ya sami hadarin bacteria don iyaka takaddunmai. Sai kuma masakwani da ke aiki da lubricants mai jini da abubuwan da ba ake amfani da su ba sun gano cewa abubuwan ƙasa mai girma suna da zurfi sosai dibensu daban-daban.
Ayyukan Inginiyar Na Tsayawa Don Gaiduna Na Karkashi
Ayyukan kafaɗa sun hada da matsalolin korosi different suna cikin wadansu doka mai yawa. Misali, aikace-aikacen petrochemicals ke amfani da coatings na vapor barrier domin kashe waɗannan fumes masira don karɓa, yayin da shagon pharma ke so sarufon interior smooth wanda yaƙewa gurbin bacteria kuma ya iya tafiya duk wadannan cleaning da sterilizing wanda suke buƙata a kowa. Aljaru kan wasu abubuwan da ke iya amfani da alloys guda bayyane da aka buƙe ga aiki, musamman lokacin da suke aiki tare da coolants maba ki ko waste streams. Wadannan nau'ikan zaɓuɓɓukan inginiyar da ke da hunar sun fito ne daga abubuwan da aka fito ne a cikin binciken ilmin materials. Ga tokon Plant Engineering daga kwanan wata, wannan tsarin ya kama da rashin maintenance stops unexpected ta hanyar takaitaccen 40%, wato ma'anar equipment ita ce babbar karfi a karkashin sharuɗɗan kimikalukku.
Tambayoyi Masu Yawan Faruwa
Wanne ne zai haifar da chemical degradation a cikin gida mai aikin?
An kewayon kimiai zai fara daga cikin abubuwan da ba suka yi amfani da su zuwa sauran kimiaukaka kamar asidu, alkali, da solvent. Zai iya sabunta abun ciki, raguwa ko kwayoyin.
Mene ne gida mai itali yaushe don waje mai kimiau?
Gida mai itali suna da alama ga wadannan wajen saboda furawa, alloys masu tsaddiya, da inginiyan sarrafa. Wadannan abubuwa ke kentaccewa taimakon da karyar baya kan bututu mai kwayoya.
Wane nau'in kimiau ne ke kwayoya sosai a wuraren masifa?
Asidu (misali, sulfuric, hydrochloric), alkali (misali, sodium hydroxide), da salt aerosols suna bututu mai kwayoya a wadannan wuraren. Wasu abubuwan da ke kwayoya sun hada da oxidizers kamar hydrogen peroxide.
Shin kyaututtukan manyan gida mai kwayoyin kimiau?
Gida mai itali na masifa ya kare biyan sigara, ya kentaccewa tsarin aikin, ya kare kwayoyin gurbin gida a cikin shekara iri dekada, domin haka yayin da ke da harshen kimiau.
Yaya anayye da alloys suka ƙara tasawa zuwa wani abubuwa mai kimiyya?
Anayye kamar epoxy da galvanizing sun hana abubuwan kimiyya su hadu da metals, yayin da alloys kamar stainless steel sun ba da tasawa ga wuraren da ke da kanshe.
